Air temperature determines the amount of water vapour that it can hold. Warmer air can retain a higher moisture content than it can when it cools. Condensation is the process where water vapour becomes liquid. It is the opposite action of evaporation and happens in one of two ways.

1. The air cools to its dew point. The dew point is the temperature at which water vapour condenses into liquid.
2. The air becomes saturated with water vapour. When relative humidity reaches 100%, it reaches its due point.

When a surface is colder than the dew point of the air next to it, dewdrops develop as water condenses onto that surface.

The moisture can soak into porous materials such as wood, wallpaper, plaster, concrete and fabrics. Damp spots may develop.

How Does Condensation Cause Mould?

Leaky roofs, pipes, and condensation create the ideal damp conditions for the germination and growth of indoor moulds. In addition to moisture, mould needs food in the form of carbon. It also requires a temperate climate ranging from 5 to 35 degrees Celsius. In such conditions, mould colonies can start to develop within 48 hours. They are most likely to form where the air does not freely circulate. Behind furniture and in corners are typical examples. Once established, moulds feed on the organic material upon which they grow.

What are the Risks of Indoor Mould?

Mouldy environments can cause many health problems. People particularly at risk are those sensitive to the allergens, irritants and toxins moulds produce. Inhaling or touching their spores may cause an allergic reaction, such as mild cold-like symptoms or skin rashes. Moulds can also trigger more severe problems, affecting the immune system or causing asthma attacks. Reducing the risk of condensation minimises the risk of mould.

How do I Stop Condensation?

Reduce condensation and mould growth potential by combining three actions.

• Control humidity. For example, keep the home warm and use dehumidifiers to hold relative humidity below 40%. Avoid using liquid gas heating and drying washing indoors. Both increase the air's moisture content.
• Increase airflow and ventilation. Expel moist air, particularly when unavoidably generating moisture vapour. For example, when cooking, showering, and boiling kettles. Open windows or use extraction fans. Heat recovery units and Positive Input Ventilation systems are cost-effective alternatives. Maintain a sufficient air gap behind furniture to allow air to flow freely.
• Increase surface temperatures. Insulate cold walls. You can also use thermal paint or insulated coverings to keep surfaces warmer and above the dew point.

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